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Chadwell-St-Mary is in the unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex, England. It is one of the traditional (Church of England) parishes in Thurrock and a former civil parish. Its residential areas are on the higher ground overlooking the former Thameside marshland. Grays is a town centred west of it. Closer still, south is the modern town of Tilbury which was almost wholly part of the parish until the end of the 19th century. The settlement is frequently referred to simply as ''Chadwell'', particularly before the 19th century. ==Geology and topography== The southern part of the parish was originally a natural salt marsh adjacent to the River Thames which is tidal and saline at this point. Decaying vegetation together with mud and silt from the river were deposited from the end of the most recent ice age until the marshes were reclaimed sometime before the 14th century. These sedimentary deposits reach a depth of fifty feet or more and are interleaved with a number of peaty layers.〔RJN Devoy, ''Tilbury, the World's End site'' in Sidell and Long (eds), ''Coastal environmental change during sea-level highstands: The Thames Estuary''〕 About two miles north of the river, the land rises steeply to a ridge (extending from Grays to East Tilbury) about above sea level (AOD) on which most of the Chadwell's housing is built.〔(Grid square map ) Ordnance survey website〕 This provides excellent views over the marshes and out to the Downs of Kent. This is one of the finest gravel beds in the country and has been extensively worked. The higher (and dryer) ground extends north for roughly another mile. The north west of Chadwell lies at the end of the chalk outcrop. To the north of the built up area, is Old House Wood, a tree covered area, named on ordnance survey maps. It is an area of local nature conservancy importance (ALNC).〔(Appendix 7 to Thurrock Development Plan )〕 The eastern and northern edges of the wood are part of the boundary between the traditional parishes of Chadwell and Orsett. This boundary is marked with a bank and ditch.〔John Matthews ''The Chadwell Parish Boundary'', Thurrock Local History Society Journal, Volume 45〕 To the west of Old House Wood is an area of green belt land on which a housing development proposal has been put forward.〔(Heath Place development proposal )〕 Despite its name, Terrel's Heath, on the western side of Chadwell, is an area of woodland. It is designated as a site of importance for nature conservation (SINC).〔 Biggin is a late medieval hamlet on the edge of the marshes that was part of the traditional parish and remains so ecclesiastically (in terms of Anglican church). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chadwell St Mary」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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